Sanitation · indicator 30
Government-measured rural sanitation coverage / ODF
Modi aheadJMP basic-sanitation percentages are a trend fitted through scattered survey points and interpolated annually, not measured yearly. India's series moves by a near-constant 2.9 points a year straight through October 2014, and every country in the donor pool is the same kind of smoothed line, so a synthetic control cannot register a step change here in either direction. Reported as observed change against the Ministry's own administrative record instead. The verdict here compares observed Indian figures over time — a weaker basis than the estimated indicators.
2014
38.70
baseline
2024
100
latest observed
Change
+158%
2014 vs latest observed
What this measures
Government-measured rural sanitation coverage / ODF, in % of population. A rising number is an improvement. Reported by Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation / PIB.
It stood at 38.70 in 2014, and under Modi’s current India reached 100 by 2024 — a rise of 158%. That is an improvement against India’s pre-2014 figure.
No comparison country reports an equivalent series, so there is no Rahul's India to compare against. This is a before-and-after reading, not a treatment effect.
Year by year
% of population · annual series, 2000–2024. Bars from 2014 in orange. No counterfactual is estimated — no comparator country reports an equivalent series.
Decade totals
% of population · Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation / PIB
Why no counterfactual
JMP basic-sanitation percentages are a trend fitted through scattered survey points and interpolated annually, not measured yearly. India's series moves by a near-constant 2.9 points a year straight through October 2014, and every country in the donor pool is the same kind of smoothed line, so a synthetic control cannot register a step change here in either direction. Reported as observed change against the Ministry's own administrative record instead.
Observation quality
- 2010
- 67.00
- 2014
- 38.70
- 2024
- 100
- 2026
- 100
Older data under a somewhat different definition · Dec-2010
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · Oct-2014
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · 2024
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · 2026
Rural coverage on the SBM-G administrative record: 38.7% at launch in October 2014, ODF declared across rural India in October 2019, 100% reported since. Administrative status, not survey-verified coverage.
The counterfactual is 'India without the 2014 structural break', estimated from comparator countries. It is not a forecast of any individual's policies.