Sanitation · indicator 31
Population practising open defecation
Modi aheadSame source and the same problem as rural sanitation coverage: an interpolated JMP trend, matched against other interpolated trends. The 0.2% pre-2014 fit measures the smoothness of the series, not the quality of the counterfactual. The verdict here compares observed Indian figures over time — a weaker basis than the estimated indicators.
2014
33.10
baseline
2024
7.00
latest observed
Change
-79%
2014 vs latest observed
What this measures
Population practising open defecation, in % of population. A falling number is an improvement. Reported by WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme / World Bank.
It stood at 33.10 in 2014, and under Modi’s current India reached 7.00 by 2024 — a fall of 79%. That is an improvement against India’s pre-2014 figure.
No comparison country reports an equivalent series, so there is no Rahul's India to compare against. This is a before-and-after reading, not a treatment effect.
Year by year
% of population · annual series, 2000–2024. Bars from 2014 in orange. No counterfactual is estimated — no comparator country reports an equivalent series.
Decade totals
% of population · WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme / World Bank
Why no counterfactual
Same source and the same problem as rural sanitation coverage: an interpolated JMP trend, matched against other interpolated trends. The 0.2% pre-2014 fit measures the smoothness of the series, not the quality of the counterfactual.
Observation quality
- 2010
- 44.40
- 2014
- 33.10
- 2024
- 7.00
- 2026
- 7.00
Nearest published observation used · 2010
Nearest published observation used · 2014
Nearest published observation used · 2024
Requested year not yet published; latest observation repeated · 2024
Share of the population practising open defecation, WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Shown as observed change over the decade rather than against a counterfactual.
The counterfactual is 'India without the 2014 structural break', estimated from comparator countries. It is not a forecast of any individual's policies.