Roads, Railways, Airports, Metros and Waterways · indicator 304
Bio-toilets in train coaches
Modi aheadRolling-stock fitment counted only for India. No comparator country publishes an equivalent series, so no synthetic counterfactual can be estimated. The verdict here compares observed Indian figures over time — a weaker basis than the estimated indicators.
2014
11,777
baseline
2024
366,000
latest observed
Change
+3008%
2014 vs latest observed
What this measures
Bio-toilets in train coaches, in bio-toilets. A rising number is an improvement. Reported by Ministry of Railways.
It stood at 11,777 in 2014, and under Modi’s current India reached 366,000 by 2024 — a rise of 3008%. That is an improvement against India’s pre-2014 figure.
No comparison country reports an equivalent series, so there is no Rahul's India to compare against. This is a before-and-after reading, not a treatment effect.
Decade totals
bio-toilets · Ministry of Railways
Why no counterfactual
Rolling-stock fitment counted only for India. No comparator country publishes an equivalent series, so no synthetic counterfactual can be estimated.
Observation quality
- 2014
- 11,777
- 2024
- 366,000
- 2026
- 366,000
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · June 2014
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · since 2014, cumulative
Administrative or programme reporting, not a survey measure · latest reported
Discharge-free toilets fitted to passenger coaches, developed jointly by Indian Railways and DRDO. The system was introduced in 2010, before the period this site tests, so 2014 is a chosen starting point rather than the start of the programme. A 2017 CAG performance audit found significant maintenance and choking problems in the installed fleet.
The counterfactual is 'India without the 2014 structural break', estimated from comparator countries. It is not a forecast of any individual's policies.