Education · indicator 104
Adult literacy rate
Modi aheadNo comparable cross-country series exists for this measure, so no synthetic counterfactual can be estimated. The verdict here compares observed Indian figures over time — a weaker basis than the estimated indicators.
2014
69.83
baseline
2024
78.16
latest observed
Change
+12%
2014 vs latest observed
What this measures
Adult literacy rate, in % of adults. A rising number is an improvement. Reported by World Bank WDI.
It stood at 69.83 in 2014, and under Modi’s current India reached 78.16 by 2024 — a rise of 12%. That is an improvement against India’s pre-2014 figure.
No comparison country reports an equivalent series, so there is no Rahul's India to compare against. This is a before-and-after reading, not a treatment effect.
Decade totals
% of adults · World Bank WDI
Why no counterfactual
no balanced pre-2014 window — India has too few observations for a balanced donor block.
Observation quality
- 2010
- 68.33
- 2014
- 69.83
- 2024
- 78.16
- 2026
- 78.16
Comparable observation for the requested year · 2010
Nearest published observation used · 2012
Comparable observation for the requested year · 2024
Requested year not yet published; latest observation repeated · 2024
Standard development indicator, not part of the original 50.
The counterfactual is 'India without the 2014 structural break', estimated from comparator countries. It is not a forecast of any individual's policies.